// Copyright (c) 2019-2024 Alexander Medvednikov. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by an MIT license
// that can be found in the LICENSE file.
module http

// This file implements a minimal server-side HTTP/2 connection driver on top
// of the existing framing (h2_frame.v) and HPACK (h2_hpack.v) layers. It is
// intentionally serial: SETTINGS_MAX_CONCURRENT_STREAMS is advertised as 1,
// so the peer sends one request at a time. Concurrent stream handling and
// background writers are a planned follow-up.

// h2_server_max_concurrent_streams is the value advertised in our SETTINGS;
// the peer may not open more streams than this at once.
const h2_server_max_concurrent_streams = u32(1)

// h2_server_default_window is the default initial flow-control window
// (RFC 7540 Section 6.9.2).
const h2_server_default_window = u32(65535)

// h2_server_max_request_body caps the in-memory request body the server will
// accept before responding with a stream error. Bodies larger than this are
// rejected with RST_STREAM(REFUSED_STREAM).
const h2_server_max_request_body = 8 * 1024 * 1024

// H2ServerStream holds the state of one in-flight server-side stream.
struct H2ServerStream {
mut:
    id           u32
    hpack_block  []u8 // assembled HEADERS + CONTINUATION fragments
    headers      []H2HeaderField
    body         []u8
    end_headers  bool
    end_stream   bool
    headers_done bool // set once we've decoded the HPACK block
    send_window  i64
}

// H2ServerConn drives one server-side HTTP/2 connection over a transport.
struct H2ServerConn {
mut:
    transport      H2Transport
    encoder        H2HpackEncoder
    decoder        H2HpackDecoder
    peer           H2PeerSettings
    rbuf           []u8
    send_window    i64 = i64(h2_server_default_window)
    streams        map[u32]&H2ServerStream
    last_stream_id u32
    awaiting_cont  u32 // non-zero when mid-CONTINUATION on this stream
    closing        bool
    idle_conns     &TlsIdleConnTracker = unsafe { nil }
    idle_handle    int
}

// serve_h2_conn drives a single HTTP/2 server-side connection until the
// transport closes or a protocol error forces a GOAWAY. `handler` is invoked
// once per fully-received request stream.
fn serve_h2_conn(mut transport H2Transport, mut handler Handler) ! {
    serve_h2_conn_with_idle_tracker(mut transport, mut handler, unsafe { nil }, 0)!
}

fn serve_h2_conn_with_idle_tracker(mut transport H2Transport, mut handler Handler, idle_conns &TlsIdleConnTracker, idle_handle int) ! {
    mut c := &H2ServerConn{
        transport:   transport
        idle_conns:  idle_conns
        idle_handle: idle_handle
    }
    c.serve(mut handler) or {
        // Best-effort GOAWAY before bailing. Skip if one was already sent by
        // the error path (e.g. apply_settings sends FLOW_CONTROL_ERROR).
        if !c.closing {
            c.send_goaway(.protocol_error, err.msg()) or {}
        }
        return err
    }
}

fn (mut c H2ServerConn) serve(mut handler Handler) ! {
    // Register the connection with the idle tracker once for its whole
    // lifetime, instead of around every frame read. The reader thread spends
    // nearly all of its time blocked in a frame read, so per-frame mark/unmark
    // only added shared-lock contention (and an O(n) list scan) on the hot
    // path. On shutdown, close_idle still interrupts the reader by shutting the
    // fd down; an h2 request in flight when the server stops is interrupted —
    // including response writes, which may be truncated mid-DATA-frame. This
    // is acceptable at shutdown and is not relied on by any caller (the
    // graceful "wait for active request" guarantee is HTTP/1.1-only).
    tracked := c.should_track_idle_read()
    if tracked && !c.idle_conns.mark_idle(c.idle_handle) {
        // The server is already shutting down; do not start serving.
        return
    }
    defer {
        if tracked {
            c.idle_conns.unmark_idle(c.idle_handle)
        }
    }
    c.read_client_preface()!
    c.send_initial_settings()!
    for !c.closing {
        frame := c.read_frame() or {
            // Treat a clean transport close as end of session.
            return
        }
        c.dispatch_frame(frame, mut handler)!
    }
}

fn (mut c H2ServerConn) should_track_idle_read() bool {
    return c.idle_handle > 0 && c.idle_conns != unsafe { nil }
}

fn (mut c H2ServerConn) read_client_preface() ! {
    c.fill_at_least(h2_client_preface.len)!
    got := c.rbuf[..h2_client_preface.len].bytestr()
    if got != h2_client_preface {
        return error('h2 server: invalid connection preface')
    }
    c.rbuf = c.rbuf[h2_client_preface.len..].clone()
}

fn (mut c H2ServerConn) send_initial_settings() ! {
    c.send_frame(H2SettingsFrame{
        settings: [
            H2Setting{h2_settings_enable_push, 0},
            H2Setting{h2_settings_max_concurrent_streams, h2_server_max_concurrent_streams},
            H2Setting{h2_settings_initial_window_size, h2_server_default_window},
            H2Setting{h2_settings_max_frame_size, h2_default_max_frame_size},
        ]
    })!
}

fn (mut c H2ServerConn) dispatch_frame(frame H2Frame, mut handler Handler) ! {
    // RFC 7540 §6.10: once a HEADERS or PUSH_PROMISE without END_HEADERS is
    // seen, the next frame must be a CONTINUATION on the same stream.
    if c.awaiting_cont != 0 {
        if frame is H2ContinuationFrame {
            if frame.stream_id != c.awaiting_cont {
                return error('h2 server: CONTINUATION on the wrong stream')
            }
        } else {
            return error('h2 server: expected CONTINUATION after HEADERS without END_HEADERS')
        }
    }
    match frame {
        H2SettingsFrame, H2PingFrame, H2WindowUpdateFrame {
            c.handle_control_frame(frame)!
        }
        H2GoawayFrame {
            c.closing = true
        }
        H2RstStreamFrame {
            c.streams.delete(frame.stream_id)
        }
        H2PriorityFrame {
            // Priority is advisory; ignore.
        }
        H2HeadersFrame {
            c.on_headers(frame, mut handler)!
        }
        H2ContinuationFrame {
            c.on_continuation(frame, mut handler)!
        }
        H2DataFrame {
            c.on_data(frame, mut handler)!
        }
        H2PushPromiseFrame {
            // Clients should not push. Treat as a protocol error.
            return error('h2 server: PUSH_PROMISE from client')
        }
        H2UnknownFrame {
            // RFC 7540 §4.1: ignore unknown frame types.
        }
    }
}

// handle_control_frame services SETTINGS, PING, and WINDOW_UPDATE frames that
// may arrive at any point in the session, including while a response write is
// blocked in send_body waiting for flow-control credit. Both dispatch_frame and
// pump_for_window delegate to this function so the logic — and any validation
// errors — exist in exactly one place.
fn (mut c H2ServerConn) handle_control_frame(frame H2Frame) ! {
    match frame {
        H2SettingsFrame {
            if !frame.ack {
                c.apply_settings(frame.settings)!
                c.send_frame(H2SettingsFrame{
                    ack: true
                })!
            }
        }
        H2PingFrame {
            if !frame.ack {
                c.send_frame(H2PingFrame{
                    ack:  true
                    data: frame.data
                })!
            }
        }
        H2WindowUpdateFrame {
            if frame.stream_id == 0 {
                c.send_window += i64(frame.window_size_increment)
            } else if mut s := c.streams[frame.stream_id] {
                s.send_window += i64(frame.window_size_increment)
            }
        }
        else {}
    }
}

fn (mut c H2ServerConn) apply_settings(settings []H2Setting) ! {
    for s in settings {
        match s.id {
            h2_settings_header_table_size {
                // Constrains our *encoder* (the server's response-header encoder
                // whose output the client decodes with its advertised table size).
                c.peer.header_table_size = s.value
                c.encoder.dyn_table.set_max_size(int(s.value))
                c.encoder.pending_max_table_size = int(s.value)
            }
            h2_settings_enable_push {
                c.peer.enable_push = s.value != 0
            }
            h2_settings_max_concurrent_streams {
                c.peer.max_concurrent_streams = s.value
            }
            h2_settings_initial_window_size {
                // RFC 7540 §6.5.3: values above 2^31-1 are a FLOW_CONTROL_ERROR,
                // not a PROTOCOL_ERROR; send the correct code before unwinding.
                if s.value > u32(0x7fff_ffff) {
                    c.send_goaway(.flow_control_error,
                        'SETTINGS_INITIAL_WINDOW_SIZE ${s.value} exceeds 2^31-1') or {}
                    return error('h2 server: SETTINGS_INITIAL_WINDOW_SIZE ${s.value} exceeds 2^31-1 (FLOW_CONTROL_ERROR)')
                }
                // RFC 7540 §6.9.2: validate ALL stream windows before mutating any
                // so that a delta overflow on stream N does not leave streams 1..N-1
                // partially updated. Send FLOW_CONTROL_ERROR (not PROTOCOL_ERROR).
                delta := i64(s.value) - i64(c.peer.initial_window_size)
                for _, st in c.streams {
                    if st.send_window + delta > i64(0x7fff_ffff) {
                        c.send_goaway(.flow_control_error,
                            'SETTINGS_INITIAL_WINDOW_SIZE delta overflows stream ${st.id} send window') or {}
                        return error('h2 server: SETTINGS_INITIAL_WINDOW_SIZE delta overflows stream ${st.id} send window (RFC 7540 §6.9.2 FLOW_CONTROL_ERROR)')
                    }
                }
                c.peer.initial_window_size = s.value
                for _, mut st in c.streams {
                    st.send_window += delta
                }
            }
            h2_settings_max_frame_size {
                // RFC 7540 §6.5.2: valid range is 2^14 (16384)..2^24-1 inclusive.
                if s.value < h2_default_max_frame_size || s.value > h2_max_max_frame_size {
                    return error('h2 server: SETTINGS_MAX_FRAME_SIZE ${s.value} out of range [16384, 16777215]')
                }
                c.peer.max_frame_size = s.value
            }
            h2_settings_max_header_list_size {
                c.peer.max_header_list_size = s.value
            }
            else {}
        }
    }
}

fn (mut c H2ServerConn) on_headers(frame H2HeadersFrame, mut handler Handler) ! {
    // Stream ids from the client must be odd and strictly increasing.
    if frame.stream_id & 1 == 0 || frame.stream_id <= c.last_stream_id {
        return error('h2 server: invalid client stream id ${frame.stream_id}')
    }
    c.last_stream_id = frame.stream_id
    mut s := &H2ServerStream{
        id:          frame.stream_id
        hpack_block: frame.fragment.clone()
        end_headers: frame.end_headers
        end_stream:  frame.end_stream
        send_window: i64(c.peer.initial_window_size)
    }
    c.streams[frame.stream_id] = s
    if !frame.end_headers {
        c.awaiting_cont = frame.stream_id
        return
    }
    c.finalize_headers(mut s, mut handler)!
}

fn (mut c H2ServerConn) on_continuation(frame H2ContinuationFrame, mut handler Handler) ! {
    mut s := c.streams[frame.stream_id] or {
        return error('h2 server: CONTINUATION for unknown stream ${frame.stream_id}')
    }
    if s.hpack_block.len + frame.fragment.len > h2_max_recv_header_block {
        return error('h2 server: request header block exceeds ${h2_max_recv_header_block} bytes')
    }
    s.hpack_block << frame.fragment
    if frame.end_headers {
        s.end_headers = true
        c.awaiting_cont = 0
        c.finalize_headers(mut s, mut handler)!
    }
}

fn (mut c H2ServerConn) finalize_headers(mut s H2ServerStream, mut handler Handler) ! {
    s.headers = c.decoder.decode(s.hpack_block) or {
        c.send_rst_stream(s.id, .compression_error)!
        c.streams.delete(s.id)
        return
    }
    s.headers_done = true
    if s.end_stream {
        c.run_request(mut s, mut handler)!
    }
}

fn (mut c H2ServerConn) on_data(frame H2DataFrame, mut handler Handler) ! {
    mut s := c.streams[frame.stream_id] or {
        // DATA for an unknown stream (likely already RST'd); just drop and
        // keep flow control consistent. Credit flow_size (full wire bytes
        // including padding) per RFC 7540 §6.9.1.
        if frame.flow_size > 0 {
            c.send_window_update(0, u32(frame.flow_size))!
        }
        return
    }
    if !s.headers_done {
        return error('h2 server: DATA before END_HEADERS')
    }
    if frame.data.len > 0 {
        if s.body.len + frame.data.len > h2_server_max_request_body {
            // Credit the connection window before resetting so the peer is
            // not penalised for bytes it legitimately sent within its window.
            c.send_window_update(0, u32(frame.flow_size)) or {}
            c.send_rst_stream(s.id, .refused_stream)!
            c.streams.delete(s.id)
            return
        }
        s.body << frame.data
    }
    // Replenish flow control using flow_size (full wire payload including padding),
    // per RFC 7540 §6.9.1. Credit unconditionally when flow_size>0: a padding-only
    // DATA frame (data.len==0, flow_size>0) still consumes the peer's send window
    // and must be credited back. (Formerly inside the data.len>0 block — padding-only
    // frames leaked window silently.)
    if frame.flow_size > 0 {
        c.send_window_update(0, u32(frame.flow_size))!
        c.send_window_update(s.id, u32(frame.flow_size))!
    }
    if frame.end_stream {
        s.end_stream = true
        c.run_request(mut s, mut handler)!
    }
}

fn (mut c H2ServerConn) run_request(mut s H2ServerStream, mut handler Handler) ! {
    req := c.build_request(s) or {
        c.send_rst_stream(s.id, .protocol_error)!
        c.streams.delete(s.id)
        return
    }
    resp := handler.handle(req)
    c.send_response(s.id, resp)!
    c.streams.delete(s.id)
}

fn (mut c H2ServerConn) build_request(s &H2ServerStream) !Request {
    mut req := Request{
        version: .v2_0
        header:  new_header()
    }
    mut method := ''
    mut path := ''
    mut authority := ''
    mut scheme := 'https'
    for f in s.headers {
        match f.name {
            ':method' {
                method = f.value
            }
            ':path' {
                path = f.value
            }
            ':authority' {
                authority = f.value
            }
            ':scheme' {
                scheme = f.value
            }
            else {
                if f.name.starts_with(':') {
                    return error('h2 server: unknown pseudo-header ${f.name}')
                }
                req.header.add_custom(f.name, f.value) or {}
            }
        }
    }
    if method == '' || path == '' {
        return error('h2 server: missing :method or :path')
    }
    req.method = method_from_str(method)
    if authority != '' && !req.header.contains(.host) {
        req.header.add(.host, authority)
    }
    // Match the HTTP/1.1 path: req.url is the request-target (the :path
    // pseudo-header), so handlers see the same shape on both transports.
    _ = scheme // :scheme is parsed and discarded; handlers infer it from Host
    req.url = path
    req.data = s.body.bytestr()
    req.host = authority
    return req
}

fn (mut c H2ServerConn) send_response(stream_id u32, resp Response) ! {
    status := if resp.status_code == 0 { 200 } else { resp.status_code }
    mut fields := [H2HeaderField{':status', status.str()}]
    for key in resp.header.keys() {
        lkey := key.to_lower()
        // Drop hop-by-hop headers; HTTP/2 forbids them (RFC 7540 §8.1.2.2).
        if lkey in ['connection', 'keep-alive', 'transfer-encoding', 'upgrade', 'proxy-connection'] {
            continue
        }
        for val in resp.header.custom_values(key) {
            fields << H2HeaderField{lkey, val}
        }
    }
    body := resp.body.bytes()
    has_body := body.len > 0
    block := c.encoder.encode(fields)
    c.send_header_block(stream_id, block, !has_body)!
    if has_body {
        c.send_body(stream_id, body)!
    }
}

fn (mut c H2ServerConn) send_header_block(stream_id u32, block []u8, end_stream bool) ! {
    max := int(c.peer.max_frame_size)
    if block.len <= max {
        c.send_frame(H2HeadersFrame{
            stream_id:   stream_id
            fragment:    block
            end_headers: true
            end_stream:  end_stream
        })!
        return
    }
    c.send_frame(H2HeadersFrame{
        stream_id:   stream_id
        fragment:    block[..max]
        end_headers: false
        end_stream:  end_stream
    })!
    mut off := max
    for off < block.len {
        mut next := off + max
        if next > block.len {
            next = block.len
        }
        c.send_frame(H2ContinuationFrame{
            stream_id:   stream_id
            fragment:    block[off..next]
            end_headers: next == block.len
        })!
        off = next
    }
}

fn (mut c H2ServerConn) send_body(stream_id u32, body []u8) ! {
    max := int(c.peer.max_frame_size)
    mut off := 0
    for off < body.len {
        // Respect both the connection and per-stream send windows
        // (RFC 7540 Section 6.9). When either is exhausted, read frames until
        // the peer grows a window with WINDOW_UPDATE.
        for c.send_window <= 0 || c.stream_send_window(stream_id) <= 0 {
            c.pump_for_window(stream_id)!
        }
        avail := if c.send_window < c.stream_send_window(stream_id) {
            c.send_window
        } else {
            c.stream_send_window(stream_id)
        }
        mut chunk := body.len - off
        if chunk > max {
            chunk = max
        }
        if i64(chunk) > avail {
            chunk = int(avail)
        }
        next := off + chunk
        c.send_frame(H2DataFrame{
            stream_id:  stream_id
            data:       body[off..next]
            end_stream: next == body.len
        })!
        c.send_window -= i64(chunk)
        if mut s := c.streams[stream_id] {
            s.send_window -= i64(chunk)
        }
        off = next
    }
}

// stream_send_window returns the current per-stream send window, or 0 if the
// stream is gone.
fn (c &H2ServerConn) stream_send_window(stream_id u32) i64 {
    if s := c.streams[stream_id] {
        return s.send_window
    }
    return 0
}

// pump_for_window reads one frame while a response is blocked on flow control,
// servicing control frames (SETTINGS / PING / WINDOW_UPDATE) via
// handle_control_frame and aborting on RST_STREAM for the active stream.
fn (mut c H2ServerConn) pump_for_window(stream_id u32) ! {
    frame := c.read_frame()!
    c.handle_control_frame(frame)!
    if frame is H2RstStreamFrame {
        if frame.stream_id == stream_id {
            return error('h2 server: stream reset by peer while writing response')
        }
    }
    // With SETTINGS_MAX_CONCURRENT_STREAMS=1 no other stream frames are
    // expected mid-response; ignore anything else defensively.
}

fn (mut c H2ServerConn) send_window_update(stream_id u32, inc u32) ! {
    if inc == 0 {
        return
    }
    c.send_frame(H2WindowUpdateFrame{
        stream_id:             stream_id
        window_size_increment: inc
    })!
}

fn (mut c H2ServerConn) send_rst_stream(stream_id u32, code H2ErrorCode) ! {
    c.send_frame(H2RstStreamFrame{
        stream_id:  stream_id
        error_code: u32(code)
    })!
}

fn (mut c H2ServerConn) send_goaway(code H2ErrorCode, msg string) ! {
    c.send_frame(H2GoawayFrame{
        last_stream_id: c.last_stream_id
        error_code:     u32(code)
        debug_data:     msg.bytes()
    })!
    c.closing = true
}

fn (mut c H2ServerConn) read_frame() !H2Frame {
    c.fill_at_least(h2_frame_header_len)!
    header := h2_parse_frame_header(c.rbuf)!
    // Check against our own advertised receive limit (sent in send_initial_settings).
    // H2ServerConn always advertises h2_default_max_frame_size and never renegotiates
    // it, so the constant is correct here. c.peer.max_frame_size is the client's
    // receive limit (our outbound cap) and must not be used for inbound checking.
    if header.length > h2_default_max_frame_size {
        return error('h2 server: frame larger than SETTINGS_MAX_FRAME_SIZE (${header.length})')
    }
    total := h2_frame_header_len + int(header.length)
    c.fill_at_least(total)!
    frame := h2_parse_frame(header, c.rbuf[h2_frame_header_len..total])!
    c.rbuf = c.rbuf[total..].clone()
    return frame
}

fn (mut c H2ServerConn) fill_at_least(n int) ! {
    for c.rbuf.len < n {
        mut tmp := []u8{len: h2_conn_read_chunk}
        got := c.transport.read(mut tmp)!
        if got <= 0 {
            return error('h2 server: connection closed by peer')
        }
        c.rbuf << tmp[..got]
    }
}

fn (mut c H2ServerConn) send_frame(f H2Frame) ! {
    c.write_all(f.encode())!
}

fn (mut c H2ServerConn) write_all(data []u8) ! {
    mut sent := 0
    for sent < data.len {
        n := c.transport.write(data[sent..])!
        if n <= 0 {
            return error('h2 server: transport write returned ${n}')
        }
        sent += n
    }
}